Rifling
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Barrel rifling was a major leap in weapons technology. In a nutshell, rifling is adding shallow grooves along the inside of the barrel of a gun to put a spin on the bullet, making the weapon significantly more accurate. As more guns started adopting this, the technique was perfected. Weapons went from simple rifled muskets, to weapons such as the Sharpe's Carbine, which ended up coining the phrase "Sharp Shooter." Rifling is even used guns today, giving them their deadly long range accuracy.